Throughout American history, the right to vote has expanded to include more citizens. In this new blog series, OneV’s Top 20 Moments in American Voting History, we highlight key milestones that shaped our democracy. Each week, we’ll explore a historic moment that expanded voting rights, leading up to the #1 most significant event. Today, we begin with moment #20: Maine Grants Voting Rights to Native Americans Living on Reservations in 1954.
The Road to Change
For much of U.S. history, Native Americans faced systemic disenfranchisement. The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted U.S. citizenship to Native Americans, but many states, including Maine, restricted their voting rights through legal loopholes and discriminatory policies. Some states imposed literacy tests, poll taxes, and residency requirements, making it difficult for Native Americans to register and vote. Others argued that Native Americans living on reservations were not fully subject to state laws and, therefore, should not have the right to vote in state elections.
Maine’s constitution explicitly denied voting rights to Native Americans living on reservations, treating them as wards of the state rather than full citizens. This policy excluded members of the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes from participating in elections, even though they were taxpayers and active members of their communities. Advocates for Native voting rights worked to challenge these restrictions, arguing that denying the vote to Native Americans was a violation of their citizenship and fundamental democratic principles.
The 1954 Decision and Its Impact
In 1954, Maine amended its laws to grant voting rights to Native Americans living on reservations, recognizing their citizenship and ensuring their participation in elections. This change was a direct result of constant advocacy by Native leaders and allies who fought for equal representation and civic engagement. Nonetheless, barriers to Native voting persisted nationwide. Many Native Americans continued to face intimidation at the polls, inadequate voter outreach, and election systems that did not accommodate their unique circumstances, such as long distances to polling places.
Even after the Voting Rights Act of 1965, obstacles like voter ID laws, the closure of polling places on or near reservations, and language barriers continued to impact Native voters. In some states, laws requiring proof of residency disproportionately impacted this group, many of whom used P.O. boxes rather than street addresses due to the rural nature of their communities. These challenges illustrate the ongoing need for vigilance and advocacy to ensure that Native Americans can exercise their right to vote without undue barriers.
Despite these challenges, Native American communities have remained resilient in the fight for voting rights. Today, organizations work to increase Native voter registration and participation, ensuring their voices are heard in elections at all levels of government. The continued engagement of Native voters is crucial to achieving policies that reflect their needs and perspectives.
Looking Ahead
Maine’s decision to grant voting rights to Native Americans living on reservations was a significant step toward a more inclusive democracy. However, it was just one part of a larger struggle for voting equality in the United States. As we reflect on this historic moment, it is essential to recognize the work that remains to be done to ensure that all Americans, regardless of background, have full and equal access to the ballot box.
Next week, we’ll reveal moment #19 in OneV’s Top 20 Moments in American Voting History. Stay tuned as we continue exploring the pivotal moments that have shaped voting rights in America!
Take Action
If you believe in the power of voting and want to support efforts to educate and empower voters, consider donating to One Nation Every Vote. Your contribution helps us share these important stories, advocate for voter access, and increase voter turnout nationwide. Donate Here
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